Life-sciences

  Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): Unveiling the Blueprint of Precision DNA Amplification In the world of molecular biology, few techniques have had as profound an impact as the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). This revolutionary process, developed in the mid-1980s by Kary B. Mullis, has transformed the field of genetics, medicine, forensic science, and countless other disciplines. By allowing scientists to amplify specific DNA sequences with incredible precision, PCR has unlocked new frontiers in research, diagnostics, and technology development. Understanding PCR: The Molecular Copy Machine At its core, PCR is a molecular copy machine that enables the rapid amplification of a specific segment of DNA. It achieves this through a repetitive cycling process that generates millions to billions of copies of the target DNA sequence. The beauty of PCR lies in its simplicity and versatility, making it a cornerstone technique in modern molecular biology laboratories. The Components of PCR PCR

Today, Thalassemia is one of the most prevalent hemoglobinopathies affecting millions of people worldwide. Thalassemia has become a major health concern globally. 65, 000 children are born with beta-thalassemia major every year. The prevalence of beta-thalassemia is increasing day by day due to a lack of awareness, increasing population, and cousin marriages. According to statistical reports, 1 of 100,000 individuals suffers from beta-thalassemia major worldwide. Thalassemia is characterized by a substitution mutation in the beta-globin gene. Hemoglobin supplies oxygenated blood throughout our bodies.  Symptoms of Beta Thalassemia Symptoms of beta-thalassemia include Pallor, hypoxia, jaundice, fatigue, and loss of appetite. The person suffering from beta-thalassemia requires regular blood transfusion once a week to survive. Due to continuous blood transfusion, there is an excess iron built up resulting in toxicity to other body organs including the liver, heart, pancreas, etc. So, to r