Life-sciences

Crispr stands for clustered regularly Interspaced Palindromic Regions, while cas9 is a restriction enzyme cutting DNA from a specific site. The Crispr sequences are derived from bacteriophages affecting bacteria previously, bacterium recognizes the sequences and degrades it. One of the major contributions regarding crispr-cas9 was brought about by an eminent biochemist and geneticist Jennifer Duodna and a French researcher Emmenuella Cherpentier. They were also awarded with Nobel Prize for their remarkable contributions to science in 2020. Crispr-Cas9 is one of the latest gene-editing tools to cure genetic disorders by genetic manipulation. The process takes place naturally in bacterium as a defensive mechanism against viruses. During the process, guide RNA binds with specific complementary sequence resulting in the formation of RNA-DNA hybrid, guide RNA makes sure that DNA should be cut from the specific site. Consequently, complex is degraded by the enzyme cas9. Repair mechanism

  DNA (A Bio-molecule) DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is one of the most essential bio-molecules found in living organisms. DNA is a life-defining molecule. This molecule transfers information from parent to offspring. It is involved in transferring the genetic information from one cell to next cell (mitosis).     DNA Replication is a natural phenomenon which ensures that each dividing cell is receiving the same and equal amount of information as found in the parental cell. DNA is a most fundamental molecule which has the information stored to a particular characteristic to a living organism. Most of the living organisms have DNA as a hereditary material. DNA is more stable than RNA because it has a deoxyribose sugar. Apart from that, the basic components of DNA are nucleotides made from nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate molecule.    DNA has three basic elements in its chemical structure i.e. 5-carbon ribose sugar, Phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. DNA res