DNA

-

 


DNA (A Bio-molecule)

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA is one of the most essential bio-molecules found in living organisms. DNA is a life-defining molecule. This molecule transfers information from parent to offspring. It is involved in transferring the genetic information from one cell to next cell (mitosis).   DNA Replication is a natural phenomenon which ensures that each dividing cell is receiving the same and equal amount of information as found in the parental cell. DNA is a most fundamental molecule which has the information stored to a particular characteristic to a living organism. Most of the living organisms have DNA as a hereditary material. DNA is more stable than RNA because it has a deoxyribose sugar. Apart from that, the basic components of DNA are nucleotides made from nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate molecule. 

 




DNA has three basic elements in its chemical structure i.e. 5-carbon ribose sugar, Phosphate, and a nitrogenous base. DNA resides inside the nucleus hence named as deoxyribonucleic acid. Deoxy means this molecule has 1oxygen less in ribose sugar as compared with RNA. This characteristic of DNA molecule makes it more stable chemically. The basic components of DNA are called nucleotides.

If there is any kind of change in the information being passed by the DNA then this change is termed as mutation. This may be harmful. It may cause disease in certain cases. If this mutation occurs in a somatic cell then it is transferred to the next cell. These sorts of changes leading towards diseases are called as genetic disorders. This mutation also acts as a raw material to bring about the process of evolution.

The most important property of DNA is genetic recombination. This property has given rise to a variety of life on the earth.

In short, DNA is one of the most fundamental molecules for most of the living beings in this world.



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Covid-19

-
Image
The emergence of covid-19 was first reported in Wuhan city of Chine in December, 2019. The virus is a mutant form of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) The virus is found to be highly contagious due to the presence of a spike protein that tends to bind specifically receptor sites present on lung tissue. The pandemic created an alarming situation and everything halted due to this deadly and contagious virus. There are some controversies regarding the emergence of virus, as some people assume that virus has been created by biological method by Chinese scientists with some unforeseen motives.  However, efforts are still on to completely eliminate the virus to let mankind take a breath of relief. Researchers have sequenced the whole genome of the virus, and found very unique  Genes  sequence causing the respiratory illness in human. Only 14% of the individuals have been reported with severe form of illness like respiratory failure, hypoxia. According to researches, virus first orig
Read more

Biological Cloning

-
Image
Cloning is a biological term used to make multiple copies of a particular organism by using the asexual method. Cloning can be of different types including bacterial cloning, fission, etc. We can use the process to make multiple copies of a particular gene by using a particular vector i.e., E.coli. The most commonly used biological vectors are plasmids (extrachromosomal structures in bacteria).                                        The first animal was cloned by splitting embryos in a test tube and the resulting embryos were transferred to the womb of adult female mice. Following that, biologists produced several other animals including cows, sheep, cattle, horses, mules, ox, etc. The nucleus can be transferred to the recipient organism by using two methods. One of the methods involves the removal of the nucleus by injecting a needle and transferring it to another cell. The second method involves the use of electric current to transfer the nucleus from a somatic cell to another empti
Read more

Polymerase Chain Reaction

-
Image
Polymerase Chain Reaction Within the domain of atomic science, Polymerase Chain Response (PCR) stands as a foundation, revolutionizing the way researchers analyze and open up DNA. PCR, a capable method created by Kary Mullis in 1983, has gotten to be an crucial device in different logical disciplines, extending from hereditary qualities and forensics to restorative diagnostics. Understanding the Essentials of PCR: PCR could be a strategy utilized to exponentially increase a particular portion of DNA, permitting analysts to produce millions of duplicates from a little beginning test. This handle includes three primary steps: denaturation, strengthening, and expansion. Amid denaturation, the DNA twofold helix is isolated into two single strands. Within the strengthening step, preliminaries tie to the focused on DNA grouping, and at long last, DNA polymerase synthesizes complementary strands amid the expansion stage. Applications of PCR in Medication: PCR has revolutionized restorative di
Read more